Damage to lawns and gardens: Voles are herbivorous rodents that feed on plants, including grass, flowers, vegetables, and ornamental plants. They create tunnels and runways in lawns and gardens as they forage for food, which can damage the root systems and vegetation.

1. Girdling of trees and shrubs: Voles may gnaw on the bark of young trees and shrubs, which can lead to girdling (the removal of bark around the entire circumference of the tree or shrub). Girdling can weaken or kill plants over time.

2. Crop damage: In agricultural areas, voles can damage crops such as potatoes, carrots, and other root vegetables by feeding on their underground parts.

3. Damage to ornamental plants: Voles can feed on the roots, bulbs, and lower stems of ornamental plants, which can lead to the decline or death of these plants.

4. Tunneling and burrowing: Voles create an extensive network of tunnels and burrows in the ground, which can undermine the stability of the soil and potentially damage structures like walkways, patios, and foundations.

5. Disease transmission: While less common than with other rodents, voles can carry diseases such as tularemia, which can pose a health risk to humans and pets.

6. Increased predator activity: The presence of voles can attract predators like snakes, foxes, and owls to your property, potentially leading to other wildlife-related issues.